According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), this condition is called paresthesia. It refers to abnormal sensations such as tingling, numbness, burning, or “pins and needles”, which can be felt in the hands, feet, legs, or other parts of the body.
Paresthesia often appears suddenly and without warning. Although it is usually not painful, it can be uncomfortable and unsettling.
When Does Paresthesia Occur?
Most people have experienced paresthesia at least once in their lives. This common form is called transient paresthesia and typically occurs when we stay in the same position for too long—such as sitting or sleeping awkwardly.
It usually happens because prolonged pressure on a nerve temporarily disrupts normal blood flow. However, paresthesia may also be caused by other conditions, including:
- Nerve injury
- Herniated (slipped) disc
- Circulatory problems
How Long Does the Sensation Last?
Paresthesia often makes the affected limb feel numb yet movable, with increased sensitivity that may spread to nearby areas.
In most cases, the sensation disappears quickly once normal blood circulation returns. Stretching, changing position, or gently massaging the affected area can help relieve symptoms faster.
Possible Consequences of Paresthesia
Possible Consequences of Paresthesia
If paresthesia occurs frequently, it may lead to complications such as:
- Blood circulation problems
- Abnormal sleeping postures
- Difficulty walking or driving
- Increased risk of falling
Types of Paresthesia
There are several types of paresthesia, including:
- Buerger’s paresthesia: Characterized by tingling or loss of sensation in the legs, fingers, or toes. It typically affects young adults (ages 20–24) and is often associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as smoking.
- Meralgia paresthetica: A condition affecting the outer thigh, causing numbness, tingling, and burning sensations due to compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
Can Paresthesia Become Chronic?
Yes. When paresthesia occurs regularly or persists, it may indicate an underlying medical condition, such as:
- Stroke
- Multiple sclerosis
- Encephalitis
- Nerve damage
- Tumors
- Vascular injury
- Carpal tunnel syndrome